Autopercepção vocal e psiquismo em pessoas transexuais: estudo de casos múltiplos / Vocal self-perception and psychism in transsexual people: multiple case studies / Autopercepción vocal y psiquismo en personas transexuales: múltiples estudios de casos

Introdução: A transição de gênero é um fenômeno que mobiliza diferentes áreas do conhecimento e a Fonoaudiologia vem tecendo pesquisas sobre o tema. Objetivo: analisar as relações entre auto percepção vocal e psiquismo em pessoas transexuais. Método: estudo de casos múltiplos. Casuística: 03 adultos transexuais na faixa etária de 18 a 40 anos. Critérios de seleção: pessoas adultas (18 a 44 anos) que se autodeclaram transexuais. Os participantes foram selecionados pelo método Bola de Neve a partir de indicações de sujeitos que fazem parte das relações sociais da pesquisadora. Procedimentos: Etapa 1. Envio do link de acesso do convite de participação para a pesquisa, Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido e agendamento do encontro individual da pesquisadora com o participante via WhatsApp; Etapa 2. Encontro individual da pesquisadora com cada sujeito para coleta do depoimento livre (gravação do áudio) e envio dos links de acesso ao Questionário Auto avaliação Vocal para Transexuais (TWVQ) e da Escala de Ansiedade de Beck (EAB). Critérios de análise dos resultados: Depoimento livre: Análise de Conteúdo segundo Bardin (2011).TWVQ e EAB: gabaritos propostos pelos instrumentos. Resultados: Nos depoimentos livres destacaram-se 04 categorias temáticas: voz, narrativas sobre a infância, trajetória e família. Os resultados do TWVQ indicaram auto percepção vocal positiva somente em 01 sujeito e negativa nos demais. Na EAB, 02 sujeitos apresentaram nível moderado e 01 alto. Conclusão: a auto percepção vocal dos sujeitos da pesquisa revela que a voz tem papel fundamental nas expressões de gênero.

Introduction: The gender transition is a phenomenon that mobilizes different areas of knowledge and Speech-Language Pathology has been weaving research on the subject. Objective: to analyze the relationship between vocal self-perception and psyche in transsexual people. Method: multiple case study. Casuistry: 03 transsexual adults aged between 18 and 40 years. Selection criteria: adults (18 to 44 years old) who declare themselves as transsexuals. Participants were selected from a method defining objects that are part of the social relations of the aura. Procedures: Step 1. Sending the access link to the invitation to participate in the research, the Free and Informed Consent Term and scheduling the individual meeting between the researcher and the participant via WhatsApp; Step 2. Individual meeting of the researcher with each subject to collect the free testimony (audio recording) and send the links to access the Vocal Self-Assessment Questionnaire for Transsexuals (TWVQ) and the Beck Anxiety Scale (EAB). Criteria for analyzing the results: Free testimonial: Content Analysis according to Bardin (2011). TWVQ and EAB: templates proposed by the instruments. In the free statements, 04 thematic categories were highlighted: voice, narratives about childhood, trajectory and family. The TWVQ results indicate positive vocal self-perception only in 01 subject and negative in the others. At EAB, 02 had a moderate level and 01 had a high level. Conclusion: the vocal self-perception of the research studies reveals that the voice plays a fundamental role in gender expressions.

Introducción: La transición de género es un fenómeno que moviliza diferentes áreas del conocimiento y la Logopedia viene tejiendo investigaciones sobre el tema. Objetivo: analizar la relación entre la autopercepción vocal y el psiquismo en personas transexuales. Método: estudio de casos múltiples. Casuística: 03 adultos transexuales con edades comprendidas entre 18 y 40 años. Criterios de selección: adultos (18 a 44 años) que se declaren transexuales. Los participantes fueron seleccionados por el método Snowball a partir de indicaciones de sujetos que forman parte de las relaciones sociales del investigador. Procedimientos: Paso 1. Envío del link de acceso de la invitación a participar de la investigación, Término de Consentimiento Libre e Informado y programación del encuentro individual entre el investigador y el participante vía whatsapp; Paso 2. Reunión individual del investigador con cada sujeto para recoger la declaración libre (grabación de audio) y enviar los enlaces para acceder al Cuestionario de Autoevaluación Vocal para Transexuales (TWVQ) y la Escala de Ansiedad de Beck (EAB). Criterios para el análisis de los resultados: Testimonio libre: Análisis de Contenido según Bardin (2011). TWVQ y EAB: plantillas propuestas por los instrumentos. Resultados: En los enunciados libres se destacaron 04 categorías temáticas: voz, narrativas sobre la infancia, trayectoria y familia. Los resultados del TWVQ indicaron autopercepción vocal positiva solo en 01 sujeto y negativa en los demás. En la EAB, 02 sujetos presentaron nivel moderado y 01 nivel alto. Conclusión: la autopercepción vocal de los sujetos de la investigación revela que la voz juega un papel fundamental en las expresiones de género.

Fake news: the impact of the internet on population health.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the search for health information on the Internet and to determine the frequency and main means of spreading fake health news. METHODS: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted through the virtual distribution of questionnaires on social media platforms in 2019 by using the snowball technique. The questionnaire collected information regarding sociodemographics, means used to clarify doubts about health, implementation of information obtained through the Internet, receipt of fake news, and means of transmission of fake news. Quantitative variables are described as means and standard deviations, and categorical variables are described as frequencies and percentages. The chi-square and Fisher's exact tests were used. RESULTS: Out of 1,195 respondents, 53% had followed Internet guidance without consulting a health professional, especially young people and individuals with low education levels (p<0.05). The resources most used to answer questions about health were a physician (78%) and Google (51%), and searches using the latter were more predominant among younger age groups (p<0.05). A large part of the sample (89.4%) had received fake news, and the main means of receipt were Facebook and WhatsApp. CONCLUSIONS: The Internet was the second most commonly used means to search for health information. A significant portion of the population adopts actions based on this information. The frequency of broadcasting fake news through this digital medium is high.

Fake news: the impact of the internet on population health

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the search for health information on the Internet and to determine the frequency and main means of spreading fake health news. METHODS: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted through the virtual distribution of questionnaires on social media platforms in 2019 by using the snowball technique. The questionnaire collected information regarding sociodemographics, means used to clarify doubts about health, implementation of information obtained through the Internet, receipt of fake news, and means of transmission of fake news. Quantitative variables are described as means and standard deviations, and categorical variables are described as frequencies and percentages. The chi-square and Fisher's exact tests were used. RESULTS: Out of 1,195 respondents, 53% had followed Internet guidance without consulting a health professional, especially young people and individuals with low education levels (p<0.05). The resources most used to answer questions about health were a physician (78%) and Google (51%), and searches using the latter were more predominant among younger age groups (p<0.05). A large part of the sample (89.4%) had received fake news, and the main means of receipt were Facebook and WhatsApp. CONCLUSIONS: The Internet was the second most commonly used means to search for health information. A significant portion of the population adopts actions based on this information. The frequency of broadcasting fake news through this digital medium is high.

Antioxidant Properties of Lyophilized Rosemary and Sage Extracts and its Effect to Prevent Lipid Oxidation in Poultry Pátê.

This study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant activities (AA) of lyophilized rosemary extract and lyophilized sage extract, and their effects on the oxidative stability of poultry pátê. For this purpose, four poultry pátê formulations with rosemary, sage, sodium erythorbate and a control (without antioxidants) were produced. The rosemary and sage were characterized according to total phenolic compounds (TPC) and AA by several methods. The poultry pátês stored at 4 °C were evaluated by the lipid oxidation. High concentrations of TPC were detected in the rosemary extract and sage extract (46.48 and 41.61 mg GAE/g (Gallic acid equivalent), respectively). The AA of the rosemary and sage extracts determined by free radical-scavenging were 4745.72 and 2462.82 µmol TE/g (Trolox equivalents), respectively. The high concentrations of catechin, rutin, myricetin and p-coumaric acids in these extracts may be responsible for the strong inhibitory action against food pathogens. Besides this, these compounds can be responsible for the best performance in inhibiting lipid oxidation in poultry pátês during storage. This study suggests that rosemary and sage extracts may be used as a natural antioxidant in meat products.

Study of the cytotoxic and genotoxic potential of the carbonyl ruthenium(II) compound, ct-[RuCl(CO)(dppb)(bipy)]PF6 [dppb = 1,4-bis(diphenylphosphino)butane and bipy = 2,2'-bipyridine], by in vitro and in vivo assays.

Considering the promising previous results of ct-[RuCl(CO)(dppb)(bipy)]PF6 (where dppb = 1,4-bis(diphenylphosphino)butane and bipy = 2,2'-bipyridine) as an antitumor agent, novel biological assays evaluating its toxicogenic potential were performed. The genotoxicity of the compound was evaluated by the in vitro micronucleus test (V79, Chinese hamster lung fibroblasts; HepG2, hepatocellular carcinoma cells), in vivo bone marrow micronucleus test and comet assay in hepatocytes (Swiss mice). The animals were treated with 0.63, 1.25, 2.5 and 5.0 mg/kg body weight (bw) of the compound. Negative (water) and positive (cisplatin, 1.5 mg/kg bw; methyl methanesulfonate, 40 mg/kg bw) controls were included. The parameters considered in the comet assay were the percentage of tail DNA, tail moment and tail length. The results of the in vitro micronucleus tests showed the absence of genotoxicity in V79 cells, while the compound was genotoxic in HepG2 cells at a concentration of 1.25 µm. In the in vivo micronucleus test, the compound was not genotoxic at the different doses evaluated. In the comet assay, only the dose of 5.0 mg/kg bw resulted in a significant increase in the frequency of DNA damage in hepatocytes when compared to the negative control. The genotoxic effect observed in HepG2 cells and in the liver comet assay indicates that the compound was metabolized by hepatic cells.

Antigenotoxicity properties of Copaifera multijuga oleoresin and its chemical marker, the diterpene (-)-copalic acid.

In view of the biological activities and growing therapeutic interest in oleoresin obtained from Copaifera multijuga, this study aimed to determine the genotoxic and antigenotoxic potential of this oleoresin (CMO) and its chemical marker, diterpene (-)-copalic acid (CA). The micronucleus (MN) assay in V79 cell cultures and the Ames test were used for in vitro analyses, as well as MN and comet assays in Swiss mice for in vivo analyses. The in vitro genotoxicity/mutagenicity results showed that either CMO (30, 60, or 120 µg/ml-MN assay; 0.39-3.12 mg/plate-Ames test) or CA (2.42; 4.84, or 9.7 µg/ml-MN assay; 0.39-3.12 mg/plate-Ames test) did not induce a significant effect on the frequency of MN and number of revertants, demonstrating an absence of genotoxic and mutagenic activities, respectively, in vitro. In contrast, these natural products significantly reduced the frequency of MN induced by methyl methanesulfonate (MMS), and exerted a marked inhibitory effect against indirect-acting mutagens in the Ames test. In the in vivo test system, animals treated with CMO (6.25 mg/kg b.w.) exhibited a significant decrease in rate of MN occurrence compared to those treated only with MMS. An antigenotoxic effect of CA was noted in the MN test (1 and 2 mg/kg b.w.) and the comet assay (0.5 mg/kg b.w.). Data suggest that the chemical marker of the genus Copaifera, CA, may partially be responsible for the observed chemopreventive effect attributed to CMO exposure. ABBREVIATIONS: 2-AA, 2-anthramine; 2-AF, 2-aminofluorene; AFB1, aflatoxin B1; B[a]P, benzo[a]pyrene; BOD, biological oxygen demand; BPDE, benzo[a]pyrene-7,8-diol-9,10-epoxide; CA, (-)-copalic acid; CMO, oleoresin of Copaifera multijuga, DMEM, Dulbecco`s Modified Eagles`s Medium; DMSO, dimethylsulfoxide; EMBRAPA, Brazilian agricultural research corporation; GC-MS, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry; HAM-F10, nutrient mixture F-10 Ham; HPLC, high performance liquid chromatography; LC-MS, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry; MI, mutagenic index; MMC, mitomycin C; MMS, methyl methanesulfonate; MN, micronucleus; MNPCE, micronucleated polychromatic erythrocyte; NCE, normochromatic erythrocyte; NDI, nuclear division index; NMR, nuclear magnetic resonance; NPD, 4-nitro-o-phenylenediamine; PBS, phosphate-buffered saline; PCE, polychromatic erythrocyte; SA, sodium azide; V79, Chinese hamster lung fibroblast.

Copaifera multijuga oleoresin and its constituent diterpene (-)-copalic acid: Genotoxicity and chemoprevention study.

Copaiba oleoresins are used in alternative medicine as anti-inflammatory, antitumoral, and antimicrobial treatments. (-)-Copalic acid (CA) is the major diterpene found in exudates from Copaifera species. We have examined the genotoxicity and the chemopreventive potential of Copaifera multijuga oleoresin (CM) and CA. Genotoxicity assessment was examined with the peripheral blood micronucleus test and the comet assay (male Swiss mouse hepatocytes). In the chemoprevention study, we evaluated the effects of CM and CA on the formation of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH)-induced aberrant crypt foci (ACF) in male Wistar rat colon. Neither agent caused a significant increase in micronucleus frequency relative to controls, but the highest CM dose tested (400mg/kg b.w.) caused DNA damage in the comet assay. Both agents significantly reduced the frequency of DMH-induced ACF. Both CM and CA suppressed ACF formation and may have a protective effect against colon carcinogenesis.

Synthesis and evaluation of antibacterial and antitumor activities of new galactopyranosylated amino alcohols.

Three series of d-galactose derivatives linked to a lipophilic aminoalcohol moiety were synthesized and their antibacterial activity was evaluated against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and representative species of Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. Five out of the thirteen tested compounds displayed activity against M. tuberculosis, with a minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 12.5 µg/mL and seven compounds were active against the four bacterial strains tested. The best results were obtained for amino alcohols 10 and 11 against Staphylococcus epidermidis (MIC = 2 µg/mL). The antitumor activity was evaluated against three tumor cell lines (MCF-7, HeLa and MO59J) and compared to the normal cell line GM07492A. The results showed that the lowest IC50 values were observed for the amino alcohol 16 against MCF-7 (11.9 µM) and MO59J (10.0 µM).

Removal program of nonnutritive sucking habits based on simple actions and parents and children motivation

AIM: This research aims to present a program that uses simple measures and practices for the child becomes motivated to remove the habit. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The sample consisted of children aged 3-6 years, of both genders, with habit of finger or pacifier sucking enrolled in preschools in the municipal education of Araraquara, S.P (Brazil). The methodology can be divided into three parts: 1. Parents orientation about the need and importance of immediate abandonment of the habit; 2. Problem presentation for the child; 3. Development of playful activities. It was considered as a parameter for successful cases when the habit was removed within 8 weeks from the beginning of the work. RESULTS: As a result, it was observed that when the children were motivated, most of them removed the habit, reducing the chances of future malocclusions. CONCLUSION: It is considered that the presented method is an alternative to be used by professionals such as dentists, psychologists, pediatricians and speech therapists in helping to care for children with non-nutritive sucking habit.

Motivos e freqüência de internação dos pacientes com IRC em tratamento hemodialítico / Reasons and frequency of CRF patients’ hospitalization in hemodialysis treatment

A IRC é um conjunto de múltiplos sinais e sintomas decorrentes da incapacidade dos rins em manter a homeostasia interna. Constitui causa prestigiosa de morbi-mortalidade e sem dúvida questão peculiar de saúde pública; na maioria das vezes é diagnosticada em estágio muito avançado; exigindo terapias de substituição,tratamento dialítico e transplante renal. Os objetivos desse trabalho são: caracterizar o paciente com IRC em tratamento hemodialítico e verificar os motivos e a freqüência de internação destes pacientes no Hospital de Base da FUNFARME de São José do Rio Preto – SP. Trata-se de um estudo do tipo descritivo inquérito dos pacientes, como diagnostico prévio de IRC a unidade de tratamento hemodialítico deste hospital. Para a coleta de dados foi realizada uma entrevista com instrumento contendo questões abertofechadas, após aprovação do CEP da FAMERP. Os dados obtidos foram analisados segundo índices absolutos e percentuais, e são apresentados na forma descritiva. Os resultados mostram que: 53,2% dos pacientes são do sexo masculino; 66,1% têm idade entre 36 – 65 anos; 66,9% são brancos; 45,2% têm como doença de base a HAS.O principal motivo de internação encontrado 25,8% foi decorrente de confecção de fístula e complicações com as mesmas; 92,8% já internaram outras vezes; 64,2% internaram de uma a três vezes; 21,8% dos pacientes declararam um ano de tratamento, 73,4% nunca realizaram outro tratamento; 83,9% receberam alguma orientação, destes 53,9% foi de médicos. Concluímos que a maioria dos pacientes é do sexo masculino, cor branca, na faixa etária produtiva, com doença de base HAS, em um ano de tratamento de hemodiálise, sendo que o principal motivo de internação foi confecção e complicações com fístula, embora tivessem recebido alguma orientação. Assim acreditamos que é necessário um melhor planejamento para a confecção e manutenção da fístula para evitar recidivas de internações.